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Critical Reasoning for CLAT, Passage- Forest Fires

Critical Reasoning for CLAT, Passage- Forest Fires

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Forest fires or bushfires have been a part of “traditional” narratives in Australia, featuring prominently even in storytelling. However, the climate crisis has changed the traditional narrative of such “normality” in current eco-fiction, exacerbating such events as disastrous and beyond the limits of the resilience of ecosystems. Starting in August 2019, this time, bushfires erupted several months earlier than the typical “annual season” of wildfire, and with an alarming enormity spread, and severity even as the country suffered from its hottest and driest year so far. Before these ravaging fires, Australia’s average temperature rise has been estimated to be about 1.4° Celsius above pre-industrial levels, while the global average heating rate hovers at 1.1°C.

With Australia’s average summer temperatures increasing, there has been an increase in the frequency and intensity of heat waves and droughts. Vast parts of the country were reeling under a drought for three years with declining average rainfall levels. The problem was further compounded due to the “strongest ever on record” positive Indian Ocean Dipole event in 2019-meaning starker temperature difference on either side-with warmer sea surface temperatures towards Australia in the west leading to drought-like conditions, and cooler temperatures towards East Africa causing floods.

1. Which of the following best represents the main point of the given passage?

(a) The environmental impacts caused by the seasonal forest fires in Australia
(b) The unprecedented occurrence of the Indian Ocean Dipole event
(c) The comparative analysis of Australia’s average temperature escalation with that of the world
(d) The normalization of forest fire as a catastrophe by the Australian narrative

2. Which of the following can be inferred from the phrase ‘traditional narrative of such “normality” in current eco-fiction’ as mentioned in the passage?

(a) Forest fires have been occurring in Australia since time immemorial.
(b) The Australians have segregated themselves from the incidents of forest fires.
(c) Forest fires have taken a significant place in the indigenous culture of Australia.
(d) The Australian’s considered forest fires as regular occurrences; not worthy of concern and alarm.

3. Which of the following is a message that could be seen coming from the author?

(a) The government of Australia should take effective measures to combat the problem of forest fires.
(b) It is high time that the normalcy in the narrative of the Australians regarding forest fires is changed.
(c) The global population should be made aware of such catastrophes.
(d) The marine environment should be effectively related by eco-friendly practices.

4. Which of the following lines from the passage indicate the changes in the climate of Australia which have taken place over time?

(a) However, the climate crisis has changed the traditional narrative of such “normality” in current eco-fiction.
(b) Before these ravaging fires, Australia’s average temperature rise has been estimated to be about 1.4° Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
(c) Vast parts of the country were reeling under a drought for three years with declining average rainfall levels.
(d) With Australia’s average summer temperatures increasing, there has been an increase in the frequency and intensity of heat waves and droughts.

5. Which of the following does the author include while explaining the phenomenon of “Indian Ocean Dipole”?

(a) Change in the temperature of surface ocean water around Australia
(b) Change in annual average rainfall level
(c) Change in average temperature
(d) Change in period of occurrence of seasonal forest fires

1. Ans. (a) Option (a) is the correct answer as it captures the essence of the passage which is the impact of the forest fire in Australia on its environment. All other options are incorrect as they refer to incidental points of the passage and fail to capture its essence.

2. Ans. (d) Option (d) is the correct answer as it can be inferred from the phrase that the Australians have normalized the incidents of forest fires to an extent where they do not regard it as a calamity worthy of being addressed. All the other options are incorrect as they fail to interpret the phrase correctly and present a flawed narrative of the connection of Australians with the incidents of forest fires.

3. Ans. (b) Option (b) is the correct answer as the message of the author is specifically directed at the Australian population to start taking incidents of forest fires seriously. Option (a) is incorrect as despite being factually correct, it fails to recognize the target audience towards which the author’s message is directed which is not the government but the people of Australia. Options (c) and (d) are incorrect as they fail to capture the premise on which the passage is based upon rendering them redundant.

4. Ans. (c) Option (c) is the correct answer as in the said line a reference has been made to persistent drought in parts of the country and a decline in the average rainfall levels, thereby stating the changes in the climate of Australia which have taken place over time.

5. Ans. (a) Option (a) is the correct answer as the author, while explaining the phenomenon of “Indian Ocean Dipole”, focusses on the stark temperature difference on either side of the Australian mainland.

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